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Networking Basics
In its simplest form a computer network consists of two devices connected to each other by a wire, and carrying out the exchange of data.
Networking Basics
In its simplest form a computer network consists of two devices connected to each other by a wire, and carrying out the exchange of data.
These
days networks allow you to share data and computer resources Computer
resources (information, software, peripheral Peripheral devices such as a
printer, for example) and allow users to communicate with bite
immediately.
Beginning of the Let's imagine a situation computer without a network, in this case how will exchange data, we will need hundreds of disks soft to transfer information from one monitor to another, causing wasted considerable time and effort, and another example if we have one printer and several computers in this case If we want to print either we will halt in a queue waiting on the device connector to the printer, or we'll move the printer to each user to lead them to his computer to print what it wants, and in both of which bother much, and from here we see that the technique of networking has evolved to meet the growing need for the exchange of information and resources effectively.
Thus emerged two types of electronic accounting:
1 - Centralized Computing Central Accounting
2 - Distributed Computing Distributed Accounting
Let's look at the outset on the central accounting:
In the fifties of the previous century was a computer the size of the room and was fitted with a processor, a single, and a small amount of memory, and a storage device of the information was a tape recording, and the device came out was a card perforated and a device for data entry in the form of cards perforated well.
This type of accounting is still present in some countries, but the scope is very limited. This kind of bulky hardware called the Central Mainframe, the attached devices, which you enter data only are called Dumb terminals or terminal clumsy or silent, and was composed of a keyboard, display, and were not able to process the data.
Central computer can or Mainframe to meet the requests of several terminals connected devices, and thus constitutes a central computer connected to the terminal stations and connected to other central computers, network computers in primary CPU environment.
With the development of the computer industry, began to show a smaller personal computers, allowing users with greater control devices, and personal accounting power led to the emergence of a new accounting structure called the Distributed Computing Distributed accounting or distributed processing Distributed Processing.
Instead of focusing all processing operations in one central computer, the accounting Distributed used several small devices are to participate in the processing and sharing tasks. Thus the CPU to take maximum advantage of the power of each device on the network.
In modern networks is important to use a common language or protocol Protocol compatible in order for different devices can communicate with each other and understand each other.
Protocol is a set of standards or criteria used for the exchange of information between the two computers.
And with the evolution of networks has become a much broader concept of the network than just connecting with some devices, and let's look at the common features of the current networks:
1 - to constitute a network of computers, you need to the center of the data transmission and in this case be either wire or wireless center.
2 - These computers also need to or adapter tool linking Adapter, for you to connect these devices with wire-forming network and these adaptations called Network Interface Card or a network interface card.
Computers that provide data or resources in existing networks dubbed Servers or servers, while called on computers that take advantage of this data or resources, the name of the Clients or customers. In the network it is possible for one device to play at the same time the role of the provider and the customer, for example, can a device on the network will be equipped to print and at the same time be a customer to obtain data from another provider.
You need the network to the networks installed on devices connected to the network, whether servers or customers, and this program is either operating system networks Network Operating System (NOS), or the operating system includes software for network management, such as Windows NT or 2000. This program control components network and maintenance of contact between the customer and the provider.
At the beginning of the emergence of networks were made up of a small number of devices may not exceed ten connected with some, and connected with the printing device, this type of networking has become known as Local Area Network (LAN) network or a local scale, and despite the fact that current technology allows networks local adaptation and dealing with a much larger number of users, but they are still operating within a limited area, LAN networks normally be contained within the office, or a group of offices within one block, and offers these networks at the present time great speed for the exchange of data and resources, which feels the user who takes advantage of network resources that these resources are stored on his PC.
LAN networks are commonly used one type of media contact, and sometimes more than one type, and these media be one of the following: 1 - wire double wrapped Twisted pair cable, and these wires either covered or not covered with a protective (Shielded or Unshielded).
3 - wires, fiber-optic Fiber Optic Cable.
4 - Central wireless Wireless transmission media.
This was on the local networks, and to address now networks city-wide or Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN), which is considered another type in the classification of networks, and is based on technology networks, LAN, but running at speeds of speed and are usually used optical fiber as a medium contact, and is usually covers a wide area ranging from 20 to 100 kilometers.
At the beginning of the emergence of networks you can not LAN networks to support the needs of the network for large companies that distributed their offices on the vast expanses perhaps at the level of several countries, for this it was necessary to develop a new type of networking is to link local networks in different parts of the country or that the linking networks local in different countries, and launched on this type of network name Wide Area Networks (WAN) or large-scale networks, and using this technique the increasing number of users of a computer network in large companies to thousands of people.
WAN networks are divided into two categories:
1 - Enterprise Network.
2 - Global Network.
The first type is a link between local area networks or branches of the company or one institution at the state level and one or several countries, while the second type works on connecting local networks belonging to several different institutions.
With the development of networks, has been the development and improvement of programs in order to deal with multiple users on a network, and these programs include:
1 - E-mail
2 - Scheduling Software Scheduling.
3 - teamwork programs Groupware.
E-mail provides a fast connection and allows users to exchange messages that can contain text, images, attached files, including audio or video files.
E-mail uses the following protocols:
1 - CCITT X.400
2 - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
3 - Message Handling Service (MHS)
Scheduling Software is an electronic version of the tables of paper used for planning daily and monthly and annual schedules are used to set up appointments and alert the user when the solutions or approaches appointment, and at the network level can network users access to dates of others to make an appointment to meet or مباحثة specific order so that be possible to determine an appropriate date for all and so on.
Programs teamwork technology uses the network to contact to offer joint management of documents by a group of users in different locations in real time allowing the amendment to a document by more than one user at the same time, and that users are able to participate in running applications and different programs on different devices.
Summary of the first seminar:
Networking allows you to share and exchange information and resources better and allow communication between users. Computers in a network connected through the center and a network card and you must be running a special program for networks.
LANs operate in a limited space, while city-wide networks operate over a wider area and use the same local area network technologies. Broadband networks linking a group of local networks, which is divided into two parts at the level of a single institution or at the level of more than one institution.
Network programs include: e-mail, scheduling programs and teamwork programs
Beginning of the Let's imagine a situation computer without a network, in this case how will exchange data, we will need hundreds of disks soft to transfer information from one monitor to another, causing wasted considerable time and effort, and another example if we have one printer and several computers in this case If we want to print either we will halt in a queue waiting on the device connector to the printer, or we'll move the printer to each user to lead them to his computer to print what it wants, and in both of which bother much, and from here we see that the technique of networking has evolved to meet the growing need for the exchange of information and resources effectively.
Thus emerged two types of electronic accounting:
1 - Centralized Computing Central Accounting
2 - Distributed Computing Distributed Accounting
Let's look at the outset on the central accounting:
In the fifties of the previous century was a computer the size of the room and was fitted with a processor, a single, and a small amount of memory, and a storage device of the information was a tape recording, and the device came out was a card perforated and a device for data entry in the form of cards perforated well.
This type of accounting is still present in some countries, but the scope is very limited. This kind of bulky hardware called the Central Mainframe, the attached devices, which you enter data only are called Dumb terminals or terminal clumsy or silent, and was composed of a keyboard, display, and were not able to process the data.
Central computer can or Mainframe to meet the requests of several terminals connected devices, and thus constitutes a central computer connected to the terminal stations and connected to other central computers, network computers in primary CPU environment.
With the development of the computer industry, began to show a smaller personal computers, allowing users with greater control devices, and personal accounting power led to the emergence of a new accounting structure called the Distributed Computing Distributed accounting or distributed processing Distributed Processing.
Instead of focusing all processing operations in one central computer, the accounting Distributed used several small devices are to participate in the processing and sharing tasks. Thus the CPU to take maximum advantage of the power of each device on the network.
In modern networks is important to use a common language or protocol Protocol compatible in order for different devices can communicate with each other and understand each other.
Protocol is a set of standards or criteria used for the exchange of information between the two computers.
And with the evolution of networks has become a much broader concept of the network than just connecting with some devices, and let's look at the common features of the current networks:
1 - to constitute a network of computers, you need to the center of the data transmission and in this case be either wire or wireless center.
2 - These computers also need to or adapter tool linking Adapter, for you to connect these devices with wire-forming network and these adaptations called Network Interface Card or a network interface card.
Computers that provide data or resources in existing networks dubbed Servers or servers, while called on computers that take advantage of this data or resources, the name of the Clients or customers. In the network it is possible for one device to play at the same time the role of the provider and the customer, for example, can a device on the network will be equipped to print and at the same time be a customer to obtain data from another provider.
You need the network to the networks installed on devices connected to the network, whether servers or customers, and this program is either operating system networks Network Operating System (NOS), or the operating system includes software for network management, such as Windows NT or 2000. This program control components network and maintenance of contact between the customer and the provider.
At the beginning of the emergence of networks were made up of a small number of devices may not exceed ten connected with some, and connected with the printing device, this type of networking has become known as Local Area Network (LAN) network or a local scale, and despite the fact that current technology allows networks local adaptation and dealing with a much larger number of users, but they are still operating within a limited area, LAN networks normally be contained within the office, or a group of offices within one block, and offers these networks at the present time great speed for the exchange of data and resources, which feels the user who takes advantage of network resources that these resources are stored on his PC.
LAN networks are commonly used one type of media contact, and sometimes more than one type, and these media be one of the following: 1 - wire double wrapped Twisted pair cable, and these wires either covered or not covered with a protective (Shielded or Unshielded).
3 - wires, fiber-optic Fiber Optic Cable.
4 - Central wireless Wireless transmission media.
This was on the local networks, and to address now networks city-wide or Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN), which is considered another type in the classification of networks, and is based on technology networks, LAN, but running at speeds of speed and are usually used optical fiber as a medium contact, and is usually covers a wide area ranging from 20 to 100 kilometers.
At the beginning of the emergence of networks you can not LAN networks to support the needs of the network for large companies that distributed their offices on the vast expanses perhaps at the level of several countries, for this it was necessary to develop a new type of networking is to link local networks in different parts of the country or that the linking networks local in different countries, and launched on this type of network name Wide Area Networks (WAN) or large-scale networks, and using this technique the increasing number of users of a computer network in large companies to thousands of people.
WAN networks are divided into two categories:
1 - Enterprise Network.
2 - Global Network.
The first type is a link between local area networks or branches of the company or one institution at the state level and one or several countries, while the second type works on connecting local networks belonging to several different institutions.
With the development of networks, has been the development and improvement of programs in order to deal with multiple users on a network, and these programs include:
1 - E-mail
2 - Scheduling Software Scheduling.
3 - teamwork programs Groupware.
E-mail provides a fast connection and allows users to exchange messages that can contain text, images, attached files, including audio or video files.
E-mail uses the following protocols:
1 - CCITT X.400
2 - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
3 - Message Handling Service (MHS)
Scheduling Software is an electronic version of the tables of paper used for planning daily and monthly and annual schedules are used to set up appointments and alert the user when the solutions or approaches appointment, and at the network level can network users access to dates of others to make an appointment to meet or مباحثة specific order so that be possible to determine an appropriate date for all and so on.
Programs teamwork technology uses the network to contact to offer joint management of documents by a group of users in different locations in real time allowing the amendment to a document by more than one user at the same time, and that users are able to participate in running applications and different programs on different devices.
Summary of the first seminar:
Networking allows you to share and exchange information and resources better and allow communication between users. Computers in a network connected through the center and a network card and you must be running a special program for networks.
LANs operate in a limited space, while city-wide networks operate over a wider area and use the same local area network technologies. Broadband networks linking a group of local networks, which is divided into two parts at the level of a single institution or at the level of more than one institution.
Network programs include: e-mail, scheduling programs and teamwork programs
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